Cradle to Cradle

1. Yes, I agree with McDonough, people’s intentions always come out in the design. If people wanted to make a well-organized city they would make a city like New York which is like a grid and the street names are numbered. That was thought out in advance, it was something that was planned. It was not planned to be a sustainable city and so it is not and people are struggling to make it so with rooftop gardens and solar panels, but if it was not built with sustainability in mind it won’t be sustainable.
2. Yes, I agree, at least in the USA everything is harmless until proven guilty and even then we still partake in those harmful activities. We wait for something bad to happen that is glaringly obvious to make a change.
3. I think that depending on your culture and how/where you grew up determines how we interact with nature. If a person grows up in a city they may not see the value of nature, while a person growing up on a farm interacts with nature every day and can clearly see the values of a healthy ecosystem. If people are disconnected from nature they may not see it an important or valuable.
4. Cradle to cradle is a system where our everyday products can become usable again, it mimics nature's natural cycle of energy.

This company makes shingles and walls from the bark of trees. This is an all-natural way of building a house. It goes from trees to a house then back to the ground to fertilize more trees. https://barkhouse.com/process-planet-ecology/ It is Cradle to Cradle Certified™ PLATINUM. “PLATINUM is the highest standard in that strategy and reflects five points: Material Health, Reutilization, Water Stewardship, Renewable Energy and Carbon Management, and Social Equity.” This is an example of the biological metabolism.

An example of a technical metabolism is the Dropper water bottle. https://dopper.com/mission/ They take plastics and other discarded materials and turn them into reusable water bottles. They are not putting harmful substances into the water they are taking them out.